Stem cell therapy is an emerging approach aimed at repairing and regenerating damagedkidney tissue. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) often lead to irreversible loss of functional nephrons, the basic filtering units of the kidney. Stem cells, particularly mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), have shown potential in promoting tissue repair through their ability to differentiate into kidney-specific cells and release bioactive molecules. These cells can reduce inflammation, prevent fibrosis, enhance blood vessel formation, and stimulate the body’s natural repair mechanisms. Preclinical studies have demonstrated promising results, showing improved kidney function and structural recovery after stem celladministration.