Wastewater surveillance and environmental monitoring have become powerful tools for tracking infectious diseases and protecting public health. By analyzing wastewater, sewage systems, and environmental samples, scientists can detect pathogens, antimicrobial resistance markers, and disease trends within communities before large outbreaks occur. These monitoring systems provide early warning signals for infectious disease spread and help public health authorities make faster, data-driven decisions. Advances in molecular diagnostics, biosensors, and real-time environmental analytics are transforming disease surveillance and strengthening global health preparedness.