COVID-19 is a contagious respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus, leading to symptoms that range from mild discomfort to severe illness. Coronaviruses are a family of RNA viruses responsible for various human and animal infections, including SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. Transmission mainly occurs through respiratory droplets released during coughing, sneezing, or close contact, as well as by touching contaminated surfaces and then the face. Diagnosis is based on clinical evaluation and laboratory tests, while preventive strategies focus on hygiene, vaccination, and timely medical intervention. Effective management requires coordinated efforts to reduce transmission, support recovery, and strengthen healthcare preparedness.