Urinary tract infections (UTIs) often complicate pregnancy. Precise definitions of UTIs are important. A UTI is defined as “the establishment and multiplication of micro-organisms within the urinary tract,” whereas bacteriuria is the detection of bacteria in a voided urine specimen. Significant bacteriuria is defined as greater than 1 × 106 of the same organism per milliliter of urine. Bacteriuria in pregnancy is often asymptomatic. Cystitis is defined as a symptomatic significant bacteriuria with associated bladder mucosal inflammation, whereas pyelonephritis is defined as symptomatic significant bacteriuria with associated inflammation of the renal parenchyma, calices, and pelvis.

Imasheva Bayan Imashkyzy is a doctoral student at the Kazakhstan Medical University “Higher School of Public Health” with a degree in public health.She regularly takes part in various international scientific conferences. Conducts scientific research on gynecological diseases in women of reproductive and menopausal age. He has 10 years of clinical work experience and 4 years of scientific and pedagogical experience.