Routine health information systems are essential for evidence-based planning, policy development, resource allocation, programme monitoring, and performance management. Despite a DHIS2 reporting architecture and statewide reporting pathways, Niger State’s Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) system faces persistent constraints that limit the use of routine data for decision-making. This study assessed the functionality of the state M&E system and identified systemic gaps requiring reform to strengthen evidence-informed health governance. A mixed-methods assessment was conducted between February and April 2026 across health facilities, wards, Local Government Areas (LGAs), and state health information structures. Quantitative data used a standardized 12-component M&E assessment framework applied across all 25 LGAs. Qualitative data were gathered through key informant interviews, focus group discussions, stakeholder consultations, and direct facility observations. Documentary review of policies, reports, and prior assessments provided contextual triangulation. Findings show that while reporting systems and DHIS2 are in place, the health information system is undermined by persistent challenges, leaving available data unreliable and difficult to use for decision‑making. Major gaps include insufficient dedicated M&E staff, limited technical competencies among data managers, unclear roles and reporting lines, inconsistent application of data quality assurance protocols, weak supportive supervision and feedback, suboptimal DHIS2 utilization, inadequate digital infrastructure, and a poor culture of data use for planning. The study recommends comprehensive reforms targeting governance and accountability, workforce capacity building, digital transformation, strengthened supervision, and institutionalization of data-use practices. These measures are expected to improve data quality, strengthen evidence-based decision-making, and enhance health system performance and service delivery across Niger State

Inuwa Junaidu is a highly accomplished Public Health Physician and health systems expert with nearly two decades of experience in primary healthcare management, health policy, programme implementation, and health systems strengthening. He currently serves as the Executive Director of the Niger State Primary Health Care Development Agency (NSPHCDA), where he provides strategic leadership for the delivery of quality primary healthcare services and implementation of the New Niger Health Agenda. Prior to his appointment, he served in several senior technical and management positions, including Director of Planning, Research and Statistics within the state's health sector.