Cognitive impairment encompasses difficulties in memory, learning, concentration, and decision-making, significantly affecting daily functioning. Severity varies from mild to severe. Moderate impairment allows individuals to manage routine tasks despite cognitive changes. Causes range from Alzheimer's and other dementias to stroke, brain injury, and developmental issues, affecting people of all ages. It imposes substantial financial burdens, increasing hospitalization rates compared to other conditions. In the U.S., Alzheimer's and related dementias rank among the costliest diseases to treat. Diagnosis involves comprehensive evaluation, while management includes addressing sleep patterns and recognizing age-related cognitive changes. Understanding cognitive decline's impact underscores the importance of early detection and intervention strategies.