Democratic jurisdictions offer citizens a range of democratic rights and freedoms that enable them to participate in processes of governance. These include the freedom to express dissenting opinions and to protest what they perceive to be undue laws and policies. The democratic expression of these liberties is not without difficulties. At times such activity is negatively perceived by adversaries and generates discontent and animosity amongst the populace. Moreover, it potentially sets the stage for escalating spirals of protest that occasionally degenerate into unlawful activity. In this paper, we present findings that demonstrate that electoral activity serves to trigger particular individuals into engaging in escalating behavioural sequences that push political activity to the extreme. We further show how politically minded individuals task politicians with fighting their political battles in their stead. Finally, we show how the escalation of political confrontation drives certain citizens away from politics, in an effort to avoid hostility, which tendency is reversed during politically calm periods. Our findings sound a cautionary warning concerning the implications of democracy and the role this plays in the political battlegrounds of governance. We conclude by highlighting an urgent need for promoting democratic knowledge, skills and capabilities amongst citizens of democratic jurisdictions. 

Gordon Sammut is a Professor in the Department of Cognitive Science at the University of Malta. His research explores social cognition, cultural psychology, and the dynamics of human understanding within social contexts. He has published extensively and is recognized for his contributions to advancing cognitive and social psychological theory.