Neurology 2026

Context: The increasing use of opioid medications, such as tramadol, raises public health concerns. Objectives: This study aims to explore the neuroprotective effects of Linzia gerberiformis leaves against tramadol-induced neurodegeneration, focusing on neuronal hyperexcitability, cellular stress, and neuroinflammation. Methods: Tramadol (100 mg/kg) was administered orally to induce Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mice received doses of Linzia gerberiformis (75, 150, and 300 mg/kg) for four weeks. During the last five days, they underwent the T-Maze test. One hour after the T-Maze, the mice were sacrificed, and their brains were extracted for analysis of the hippocampus. Results:The aqueous extract of Linzia gerberiformis leaves administered at doses of 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg significantly enhanced short-term spatial memory. Notably, the 75 mg/kg dose also exhibited a positive effect on long-term spatial learning. Biologically, tramadol administration resulted in increased levels of nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA), while concurrently decreasing levels of acetylcholine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH). Conclusion : This study demonstrates that aqueous treatment of Linzia gerberiformis leaves ameliorates tramadol-induced AD by modulating various neurobiological pathways. Keywords : Linzia gerberiformis, Tramadol, Alzheimer's disease, GABA, Oxidative stress

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