Neurology 2026

Chronic diseases, including neuroinflammatory conditions like Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), have been associated with inflammation, a fundamental component of the innate immune response. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of neuroinflammation on chronic diseases, with a specific focus on diabetes, IBS, and myocarditis. A comprehensive review of relevant literature was conducted to gather information on the relationships between inflammation and chronic diseases, particularly diabetes, IBS, and myocarditis. This review included epidemiological data, mechanistic studies, and investigations into potential therapeutic agents. Additionally, we examined signaling pathways implicated in inflammation, such as nuclear factor- κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), to understand their roles in disease progression. We also explored the anti-inflammatory properties of natural compounds, including Phyllanthus amarus and Aframomum melegueta, through a review of their bioactive components and reported effects on inflammation. Our review revealed compelling evidence of the interconnectedness between inflammation and chronic diseases, particularly in the context of neuroinflammatory conditions like AD and PD. Diabetes was found to share molecular and cellular features with AD, emphasizing the significance of insulin in both conditions. Furthermore, IBS displayed a strong association with neuroinflammation via the “gut-brain” axis, affecting neuroendocrine pathways. Myocarditis emerged as a key contributor to heart diseases, with environmental factors such as Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) playing a substantial role in its pathogenesis. Signaling pathways like NF- κB and MAPK were identified as potential targets for anti-inflammatory drug development. Natural compounds like Phyllanthus amarus and Aframomum melegueta demonstrated promising anti- inflammatory properties, offering potential therapeutic options for mitigating inflammation in chronic diseases. In conclusion, Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of chronic diseases, including neuroinflammatory conditions like AD and PD. The shared molecular and cellular features between diabetes and AD underscore the importance of understanding their intricate connection. We suggest several key recommendations. First, there is a need for further research into the development of anti-inflammatory drugs that target specific signaling pathways like NF-κB and MAPK, which play critical roles in chronic diseases. Second, exploring the therapeutic potential of natural compounds present in plants such as Phyllanthus amarus and Aframomum melegueta for treating chronic diseases should be considered as a priority. Additionally, continued investigation of the “gut-brain” axis and its relevance in neuroinflammatory conditions holds promise for understanding and managing these complex diseases. To advance our knowledge, the development of advanced animal models and sophisticated in vitro systems that accurately replicate human disease processes, considering immune responses and environmental factors, is essential. Lastly, comprehensive epidemiological studies, especially in regions like Africa, are crucial for gaining insights into the prevalence and impact of chronic diseases. In conclusion, unraveling the intricate relationship between neuroinflammation and chronic diseases is vital for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies, ultimately improving the quality of life for those affected by these conditions.

Tolulope Gbayisomore, a rising star in neuroscience, graduated with distinction from the University of Medical Sciences in Nigeria at just 19 years old. His groundbreaking research, including his thesis titled “Anti-inflammatory, anticholinesterase, antioxidant, and memory enhancement potential of Phyllanthus amarus in potassium-dichromate induced neurotoxicity of male Wistar rats”, demonstrates exceptional precision and innovation. Beyond his academic achievements, Tolulope chaired the Local Organizing Committee for the 4th Eco Award and Neuro-Quiz organized by the neuroscience society of Nigeria (NSN), fostering undergraduate growth in neuroscience. He is the visionary founder of ResearchBro, an institution dedicated to nurturing the talents of budding researchers. In his role as Research Operations Supervisor, he has made significant contributions to and mentored over 120 research projects, cultivating an ethos of inquisitiveness and exploration. He also contributed as a peer reviewer for the JSciMed Central Journal of Pediatric Neurology. As a Sustainable development Solutions network Nigeria advocate for the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals, he champions health and well-being. With a research focus on neuroepidemiology, Tolulope’s multidimensional contributions make him an inspiring keynote speaker for the Neurology Conference.