Nutritional biomarkers
Nutritional biomarkers
Nutritional biomarkers, found in biological samples like urine, reflect dietary intake or metabolism status. These indicators, be they biochemical, functional, or clinical, result from nutrient consumption or broader dietary patterns. They offer insights into ingested foods, identified through physiological remnants. These markers fall into three categories: exposure, effect, and health/disease. Biomarkers surpass food diaries in accuracy, though their expense and invasiveness limit broad use, making them less suitable for extensive epidemiology research.