Ethnic minority populations experience disproportionate morbidity and mortality from cancer. Filipinos, in particular, demonstrate higher incidence of certain cancers and worse survival outcomes compared with other groups. This systematic review aims to characterize epidemiologic patterns, survival trends, and disparities in cancer care among Filipinos.

A systematic review of randomized controlled trials, qualitative studies, and case series was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Articles published between December 2000 and July 2025 were identified through three electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, and MEDLINE) using the search terms “[Filipino] [cancer]” and “[Philippines] [cancer].” Eligible studies were English-language and reported epidemiologic or survival data for Filipino populations. An initial search yielded 535 articles, of which 33 met inclusion criteria for full-text review.

Filipinos bear distinct cancer burdens. Thyroid cancer demonstrates the most pronounced disparity, with higher incidence (19.6/100,000) and mortality (1.72/100,000; 95% CI, 1.51–1.95) than non-Hispanic Whites, yet Filipino ethnicity remains absent from prognostic guidelines. Filipino Americans and White Americans show comparable five-year survival for colorectal, ovarian, and bladder cancers, whereas Philippines-based patients experience markedly lower survival due to later-stage diagnoses and structural barriers—47% receive no treatment because of cost, distance, or insurance limits. Screening disparities also persist, as the Philippines lacks nationwide breast cancer screening, and Filipino populations show lower colorectal and prostate screening rates compared with U.S. counterparts.

These findings highlight disproportionate morbidity and mortality across multiple cancers. Addressing screening gaps and integrating culturally attuned rehabilitation approaches are essential to improve cancer outcomes among Filipinos.

Franchesca Inay is a fourth-year medical student at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine through the institution’s combined BS/MD program. After discovering Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (PM&R) early in medical school, she gravitated to its neuroscience foundation and focus on movement as medicine. Her academic interests include neurorehabilitation, women’s health, and the influence of sociocultural factors on musculoskeletal health. As a hopeful PM&R resident, Franchesca aims to leverage her experiences and promote health equity across diverse populations